SEC Filing - Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)


☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

	For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2020

OR

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

	For the transition period from to

Commission file number: 001-35668

INTERCEPT PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Delaware		22-3868459
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

10 Hudson Yards, 37^th Floor

New York, NY 10001

(Address of Principal Executive Offices and Zip Code)

(646) 747-1000

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share	ICPT	Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ⌧ No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ⌧ No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ⌧	Accelerated filer ◻
Non-accelerated filer ◻	Smaller reporting company ☐
	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ⌧

The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding as of June 30, 2020 was 32,980,804.

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Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

INDEX

PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements

	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2020 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2019 (Audited)	6

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 (Unaudited)	7

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 (Unaudited)	8

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity for the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 (Unaudited)	9

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 (Unaudited)	11

	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	12

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	29

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	39

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	39

PART II
OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	40

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	40

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	94

Item 5.	Other Information	94

Item 6.	Exhibits	95

Exhibit Index		96

Signatures		97

Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to “we,” “our,” “us” and the “Company” refer, collectively, to Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries.

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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, statements regarding the progress, timing and results of our clinical trials, including our clinical trials for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (“NASH”), the safety and efficacy of our approved product, Ocaliva (obeticholic acid or “OCA”) for primary biliary cholangitis (“PBC”), and our product candidates, including OCA for liver fibrosis due to NASH, the timing and acceptance of our regulatory filings and the potential approval of OCA for liver fibrosis due to NASH, the review of our New Drug Application for OCA for the treatment of liver fibrosis due to NASH by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”), our intent to work with the FDA to address the issues raised in the complete response letter (“CRL”), the potential commercial success of OCA, as well as our strategy, future operations, future financial position, future revenue, projected costs, financial guidance, prospects, plans and objectives.

These statements constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “predict,” “project,” “target,” “potential,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “should,” “possible,” “continue” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of their dates, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement except as required by law. These forward-looking statements are based on estimates and assumptions by our management that, although believed to be reasonable, are inherently uncertain and subject to a number of risks.

The following represent some, but not necessarily all, of the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from historical results or those anticipated or predicted by our forward-looking statements:

●

our ability to successfully commercialize Ocaliva for PBC;

●

our ability to maintain our regulatory approval of Ocaliva for PBC in the United States, Europe, Canada, Israel, Australia and other jurisdictions in which we have or may receive marketing authorization;

●

our ability to timely and cost-effectively file for and obtain regulatory approval of our product candidates on an accelerated basis or at all, including OCA for liver fibrosis due to NASH following the issuance of the CRL by the FDA; any advisory committee recommendation or dispute resolution determination that our product candidates, including OCA for liver fibrosis due to NASH, should not be approved or approved only under certain conditions; or any future determination that the regulatory applications and subsequent information we submit for our product candidates, including OCA for liver fibrosis due to NASH, do not contain adequate clinical or other data or meet applicable regulatory requirements for approval;

●

conditions that may be imposed by regulatory authorities on our marketing approvals for our products and product candidates, including OCA for liver fibrosis due to NASH, such as the need for clinical outcomes data (and not just results based on achievement of a surrogate endpoint), any risk mitigation programs such as a REMS, and any related restrictions, limitations and/or warnings contained in the label of any of our products or product candidates;

●

any potential side effects associated with Ocaliva for PBC, OCA for liver fibrosis due to NASH or our other product candidates that could delay or prevent approval, require that an approved product be taken off the market, require the inclusion of safety warnings or precautions, or otherwise limit the sale of such product or product candidate;

●

the initiation, timing, cost, conduct, progress and results of our research and development activities, preclinical studies and clinical trials, including any issues, delays or failures in identifying patients, enrolling patients, treating patients, retaining patients, meeting specific endpoints in the jurisdictions in which we intend to seek approval or completing and timely reporting the results of our NASH or PBC clinical trials;

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●

our ability to establish and maintain relationships with, and the performance of, third-party manufacturers, contract research organizations and other vendors upon whom we are substantially dependent for, among other things, the manufacture and supply of our products, including Ocaliva for PBC and, if approved, OCA for liver fibrosis due to NASH, and our clinical trial activities;

●

our ability to identify, develop and successfully commercialize our products and product candidates, including our ability to successfully launch OCA for liver fibrosis due to NASH, if approved;

●

our ability to obtain and maintain intellectual property protection for our products and product candidates, including our ability to cost-effectively file, prosecute, defend and enforce any patent claims or other intellectual property rights;

●

the size and growth of the markets for our products and product candidates and our ability to serve those markets;

●

the degree of market acceptance of Ocaliva for PBC and, if approved, OCA for liver fibrosis due to NASH or our other product candidates among physicians, patients and healthcare payors;

●

the availability of adequate coverage and reimbursement from governmental and private healthcare payors for our products, including Ocaliva for PBC and, if approved, OCA for liver fibrosis due to NASH, and our ability to obtain adequate pricing for such products;

●

our ability to establish and maintain effective sales, marketing and distribution capabilities, either directly or through collaborations with third parties;

●

competition from existing drugs or new drugs that become available;

●

our ability to prevent system failures, data breaches or violations of data protection laws;

●

costs and outcomes relating to any disputes, governmental inquiries or investigations, regulatory proceedings, legal proceedings or litigation, including any securities, intellectual property, employment, product liability or other litigation;

●

our collaborators’ election to pursue research, development and commercialization activities;

●

our ability to establish and maintain relationships with collaborators with development, regulatory and commercialization expertise;

●

our need for and ability to generate or obtain additional financing;

●

our estimates regarding future expenses, revenues and capital requirements and the accuracy thereof;

●

our use of cash and short-term investments;

●

our ability to acquire, license and invest in businesses, technologies, product candidates and products;

●

our ability to attract and retain key personnel to manage our business effectively;

●

our ability to manage the growth of our operations, infrastructure, personnel, systems and controls;

●

our ability to obtain and maintain adequate insurance coverage;

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●

the impact of COVID-19, including any impact on our results of operations or financial position, related quarantines and government actions, delays relating to our regulatory applications, disruptions relating to our ongoing clinical trials or involving our contract research organizations, study sites or other clinical partners, disruptions relating to our supply chain or involving our third-party manufacturers, distributors or other distribution partners, facility closures or other restrictions, and the extent and duration thereof;

●

the impact of general U.S. and foreign economic, industry, market, regulatory or political conditions, including the potential impact of Brexit; and

●

the other risks and uncertainties identified under the captions “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our other periodic filings filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

NOTE REGARDING TRADEMARKS

The Intercept Pharmaceuticals^® name and logo and the Ocaliva^® name and logo are either registered or unregistered trademarks or trade names of the Company in the United States and/or other countries. All other trademarks, trade names and service marks appearing in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are the property of their respective owners. Solely for convenience, trademarks and trade names referred to in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may appear without the ^® and ^TM symbols, but those references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights or that the applicable owner will not assert its rights to these trademarks and trade names.

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PART I

Item 1. Financial Statements.

INTERCEPT PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except share and per share data)


	June 30,		December 31,
	2020		2019
	(Unaudited)		(Audited)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	50,778	$	70,055
Restricted cash		6,159		4,725
Investment debt securities, available-for-sale		483,697		582,567
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $208 and $0, respectively		39,776		38,044
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		26,242		25,924
Total current assets		606,652		721,315
Fixed assets, net		4,262		5,202
Inventory		8,659		8,462
Security deposits		6,856		6,661
Other assets		11,065		13,246
Total assets	$	637,494	$	754,886
Liabilities and Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	$	155,499	$	153,968
Short-term interest payable		8,037		8,037
Total current liabilities		163,536		162,005
Long-term liabilities:
Long-term debt		546,013		532,078
Long-term other liabilities		6,741		9,247
Total liabilities	$	716,290	$	703,330
Commitments and contingencies (Note 17)
Stockholders’ (deficit) equity:
Common stock par value $0.001 per share; 90,000,000 and 45,000,000 shares authorized; 32,980,804 and 32,853,066 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively		33		33
Additional paid-in capital		2,202,026		2,176,133
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net		(1,125)		(1,144)
Accumulated deficit		(2,279,730)		(2,123,466)
Total stockholders’ (deficit) equity		(78,796)		51,556
Total liabilities and stockholders’ (deficit) equity	$	637,494	$	754,886

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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INTERCEPT PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except per share data)


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019

Revenue:
Product revenue, net	$	77,249	$	65,894	$	149,901	$	117,741
Licensing revenue		—		406		—		811
Total revenue		77,249		66,300		149,901		118,552
Operating expenses:
Cost of sales		1,877		677		2,729		1,251
Selling, general and administrative		93,360		69,683		191,918		146,910
Research and development		34,042		59,599		90,729		117,995
Total operating expenses		129,279		129,959		285,376		266,156
Operating loss		(52,030)		(63,659)		(135,475)		(147,604)
Other income (expense):
Interest expense		(11,933)		(9,884)		(23,710)		(17,723)
Other income, net		682		2,123		2,921		3,637
Total other (expense), net		(11,251)		(7,761)		(20,789)		(14,086)
Net loss	$	(63,281)	$	(71,420)	$	(156,264)	$	(161,690)
Net loss per common and potential common share:
Basic and diluted	$	(1.92)	$	(2.28)	$	(4.74)	$	(5.29)
Weighted average common and potential common shares outstanding:
Basic and diluted		32,960		31,316		32,941		30,542

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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INTERCEPT PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019

Net loss	$	(63,281)	$	(71,420)	$	(156,264)	$	(161,690)
Other comprehensive income:
Net changes related to available-for-sale investment debt securities:
Unrealized gains on investment debt securities		3,123		392		960		1,195
Reclassification adjustment for realized gains on investment debt securities included in other income, net		44		—		53		4
Net unrealized gains on investment debt securities	$	3,167	$	392	$	1,013	$	1,199
Foreign currency translation (losses) gains		(488)		(59)		(1,000)		224
Other comprehensive income	$	2,679	$	333	$	13	$	1,423
Comprehensive loss	$	(60,602)	$	(71,087)	$	(156,251)	$	(160,267)

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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INTERCEPT PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)


	Three months ended June 30, 2020
						Accumulated
				Additional		Other				Total
	Common Stock			Paid-in		Comprehensive		Accumulated		Stockholders’
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Loss, Net		Deficit		Deficit
Balance - March 31, 2020	32,937	$	33	$	2,185,501	$	(3,804)	$	(2,216,449)	$	(34,719)
Stock-based compensation	—		—		16,083		—		—		16,083
Net proceeds from exercise of stock options	47		—		731		—		—		731
Employee withholding taxes related to stock-based awards	(3)		—		(289)		—		—		(289)
Other comprehensive income	—		—		—		2,679		—		2,679
Net loss	—		—		—		—		(63,281)		(63,281)
Balance - June 30, 2020	32,981	$	33	$	2,202,026	$	(1,125)	$	(2,279,730)	$	(78,796)

	Six months ended June 30, 2020
						Accumulated
				Additional		Other				Total
	Common Stock			Paid-in		Comprehensive		Accumulated		Stockholders’
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Loss, Net		Deficit		Equity (Deficit)
Balance - December 31, 2019	32,853	$	33	$	2,176,133	$	(1,144)	$	(2,123,466)	$	51,556
Stock-based compensation	—		—		28,556		—		—		28,556
Net proceeds from exercise of stock options	135		—		(1,052)		—		—		(1,052)
Employee withholding taxes related to stock-based awards	(7)		—		(1,611)		—		—		(1,611)
Other comprehensive income	—		—		—		19		—		19
Net loss	—		—		—		—		(156,264)		(156,264)
Balance - June 30, 2020	32,981	$	33	$	2,202,026	$	(1,125)	$	(2,279,730)	$	(78,796)

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	Three months ended June 30, 2019
						Accumulated
				Additional		Other				Total
	Common Stock			Paid-in		Comprehensive		Accumulated		Stockholders’
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Loss, Net		Deficit		(Deficit) Equity
Balance - March 31, 2019	29,777	$	30	$	1,815,193	$	(1,169)	$	(1,869,055)	$	(55,001)
Stock-based compensation	—		—		14,782		—		—		14,782
Recognition of debt discount on 2026 Convertible Notes	—		—		59,338		—		—		59,338
Issuance of common stock from public and private placement offerings, net of underwriting fees and issuance costs	2,880		3		227,177		—		—		227,180
Net proceeds from exercise of stock options	39		—		795		—		—		795
Employee withholding taxes related to stock-based awards	—		—		(804)		—		—		(804)
Other comprehensive income	—		—		—		333		—		333
Net loss	—		—		—		—		(71,420)		(71,420)
Balance - June 30, 2019	32,696	$	33	$	2,116,481	$	(836)	$	(1,940,475)	$	175,203

	Six months ended June 30, 2019
						Accumulated
				Additional		Other				Total
	Common Stock			Paid-in		Comprehensive		Accumulated		Stockholders’
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Loss, Net		Deficit		Equity
Balance - December 31, 2018	29,694	$	30	$	1,800,144	$	(2,259)	$	(1,778,785)	$	19,130
Stock-based compensation	—		—		29,679		—		—		29,679
Recognition of debt discount on 2026 Convertible Notes	—		—		59,338		—		—		59,338
Issuance of common stock from public and private placement offerings, net of underwriting fees and issuance costs	2,880		3		227,177		—		—		227,180
Net proceeds from exercise of stock options	122		—		1,738		—		—		1,738
Employee withholding taxes related to stock-based awards	—		—		(1,595)		—		—		(1,595)
Other comprehensive income	—		—		—		1,423		—		1,423
Net loss	—		—		—		—		(161,690)		(161,690)
Balance - June 30, 2019	32,696	$	33	$	2,116,481	$	(836)	$	(1,940,475)	$	175,203

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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INTERCEPT PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019

Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(156,264)	$	(161,690)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Stock-based compensation		28,556		29,679
(Accretion) amortization of (discount) premium on investment debt securities		1,344		(570)
Amortization of deferred financing costs		1,242		958
Depreciation		1,572		1,925
Non-cash operating lease cost		3,175		2,685
Gain on lease termination		—		(1,995)
Loss on the disposal of fixed assets		—		2,682
Accretion of debt discount		12,693		8,715
Provision for allowance of credit losses		208		—
Changes in operating assets:
Accounts receivable		(2,212)		(10,666)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(2,984)		(3,741)
Inventory		(750)		(578)
Security deposits		(247)		849
Other assets		—		(19,622)
Changes in operating liabilities:
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities		3,686		14,597
Operating lease liabilities		(3,592)		(3,359)
Interest payable		—		575
Deferred revenue		—		(810)
Long-term other liabilities		—		10,993
Net cash (used in) operating activities		(113,573)		(129,373)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of investment debt securities		(187,188)		(451,902)
Sales and maturities of investment debt securities		285,727		181,575
Purchases of equipment, leasehold improvements, and furniture and fixtures		(658)		(1,024)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		97,881		(271,351)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of 2026 Convertible Notes, net of issuance costs		—		223,424
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs		—		227,180
Proceeds from exercise of options, net		1,300		1,738
Payments of employee withholding taxes related to stock-based awards		(1,611)		(1,595)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities		(311)		450,747
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(1,840)		230
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(17,843)		50,253
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period		74,780		43,248
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	56,937	$	93,501
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash transactions:
Right-of-use asset obtained in exchange for new operating lease obligations	$	1,006	$	—

Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash included in the condensed consolidated balance sheets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	50,778	$	93,501
Restricted cash		6,159		—
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	56,937	$	93,501

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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INTERCEPT PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

1. Overview of Business

Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the “Company”) is a biopharmaceutical company focused on the development and commercialization of novel therapeutics to treat progressive non-viral liver diseases, including primary biliary cholangitis (“PBC”) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (“NASH”). The Company currently has one marketed product, Ocaliva (obeticholic acid or “OCA”). Founded in 2002 in New York, the Company has operations in the United States, Europe and Canada.

2. Basis of Presentation

The Company’s financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain information that is normally required by U.S. GAAP has been condensed or omitted in accordance with rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period or for the year ending December 31, 2020. In the opinion of management, these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all normal and recurring adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of these interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2019, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 filed with the SEC.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

We are not presently aware of any events or circumstances arising from the coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic that would require us to update our estimates, judgments or revise the carrying value of our assets or liabilities.

3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

With the exception of the change for the accounting of credit losses as a result of the adoption of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” and related amendments (collectively, “ASC 326”), there have been no new or material changes to the significant accounting policies discussed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Credit Losses

Accounts receivable

The allowance for credit losses is based on the Company’s assessment of the collectibility of customer accounts. The Company regularly reviews the allowance by considering factors such as historical experience, the aging of the accounts receivable balances, credit conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay, current and forecast economic conditions and other relevant factors.

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The following table summarizes the allowance for credit losses activity on the Company’s trade receivables for the six-month period ended June 30, 2020 (in thousands):


Balance at December 31, 2019	$	—
Provision for credit losses		219
Write-offs		(11)
Balance at June 30, 2020	$	208

Available-for-sale investment debt securities

For available-for-sale investment debt securities in an unrealized loss position, the Company first assesses whether it intends to sell the security or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through income. For any investment debt securities that do not meet the criteria, the Company evaluates whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. Management considers the extent in which the fair value of the security is less than amortized costs, any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency, changes in interest rates, and any other adverse factors related to the security. If the assessment indicates a credit loss, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the expected present value of cash flows is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an allowance for credit losses is recorded, limited to the amount that the fair value is below the amortized cost basis. Any impairment not recorded through an allowance is recognized in Other comprehensive (loss) income.

Changes in the allowance for credit losses are recorded as a provision for (or reversal of) credit loss expense. Losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of the security is confirmed or whether either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met.

The Company excludes accrued interest from both the fair value and amortized cost basis in the assessment of credit losses on its available-for-sale investment debt securities and will instead elect to write-off any uncollectible accrued interest receivable balances in a timely manner, which is defined by the Company as when interest due becomes 90 days delinquent.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2016-13, which replaces the incurred loss impairment methodology under current U.S. GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. ASU 2016-13 was subsequently updated by ASU No. 2019-04, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments”, to clarify that entities should include recoveries when estimating the allowance for credit losses. The Company will be required to use a forward-looking expected credit loss model for accounts receivables, loans and other financial instruments. Credit losses relating to available-for-sale investment debt securities will also be recorded through an allowance for credit losses rather than as a reduction in the amortized cost basis of the securities. The Company adopted the practical expedient to exclude the accrued interest included in the fair value and amortized cost basis in the assessment of credit losses on its available-for-sale investment debt securities. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019 and must be adopted using a modified retrospective approach, with certain exceptions. The Company adopted ASC 326 on January 1, 2020 and its adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement” (“ASU 2018-13”), which makes a number of changes meant to add, modify or remove certain disclosure requirements associated with the movement amongst or

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hierarchy associated with Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 fair value measurements. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted upon issuance of the update. The Company adopted ASU 2018-13 on January 1, 2020 and its adoption did not have an impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements to be Adopted

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU 2019-12”), which is intended to simplify various aspects related to accounting for income taxes. ASU 2019-12 removes certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 and also clarifies and amends existing guidance to improve consistent application. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

4. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investment Debt Securities

The following table summarizes the Company’s cash, cash equivalents and investment debt securities as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:


	As of June 30, 2020
			Allowance		Gross		Gross
			for Credit		Unrealized		Unrealized
	Amortized Cost		Losses		Gains		Losses		Fair Value

	(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash and money market funds	$	50,778	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	50,778
Total cash and cash equivalents		50,778		—		—		—		50,778
Investment debt securities:
Commercial paper		8,487		—		1		(3)		8,485
Corporate debt securities		469,394		—		1,859		(57)		471,196
U.S. treasuries		4,007		—		9		—		4,016
Total investment debt securities		481,888		—		1,869		(60)		483,697
Total cash, cash equivalents and investment debt securities	$	532,666	$	—	$	1,869	$	(60)	$	534,475


	As of December 31, 2019
			Gross		Gross
			Unrealized		Unrealized
	Amortized Cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value

	(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash and money market funds	$	62,557	$	—	$	—	$	62,557
Commercial paper		7,498		—		—		7,498
Total cash and cash equivalents		70,055		—		—		70,055
Investment debt securities:
Commercial paper		42,806		43		(1)		42,848
Corporate debt securities		538,965		835		(81)		539,719
Total investment debt securities		581,771		878		(82)		582,567
Total cash, cash equivalents and investment debt securities	$	651,826	$	878	$	(82)	$	652,622

The aggregate fair value of the Company’s available-for-sale investment debt securities that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than twelve months or twelve months or longer is as follows:

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As of June 30, 2020

Less than 12 months

12 months or longer

Total

(in thousands)

Gross

Unrealized

Fair Value

Losses

Fair Value

Losses

Fair Value

Losses

Commercial paper

5,989

(3)

—

5,989